Search results for "Phytosanitary certification"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
History of chemical weeding from 1944 to 2011 in France: Changes and evolution of herbicide molecules
2012
International audience; Herbicide development in France has been analysed from a historical and agronomical perspective. A database was built up from data collected from the archives of the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries and from French phytosanitary compendia edited since 1961 by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole. Only herbicides used in cultivated areas were retained. The first organic synthetic herbicides were registered on cereals after the Second World War. Since 1944, a total of 225 herbicidal active ingredients have been registered in France. The number of active ingredients regularly increased with a maximum of 138 in 2002; 104 were still authorized in 2…
Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: The first results of a global survey
2016
<p class="Abstract"><strong>Aim:</strong> This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Based on the answer of respondent about the main repo…
Unraveling the Composition of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis: a Proteomics Approach.
2020
ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most widely used active ingredient for biological insecticides. The composition of δ-endotoxins (Cry and Cyt proteins) in the parasporal crystal determines the toxicity profile of each Bt strain. However, a reliable method for their identification and quantification has not been available, due to the high sequence identity of the genes that encode the δ-endotoxins and the toxins themselves. Here, we have developed an accurate and reproducible mass spectrometry-based method (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring [LC-MS/MS-MRM]) using isotopically labeled proteotypic peptides for each protein in a particular mix…
Perspectives of the encapsulation technology in the nursery activity of Citrus
2007
The genetic and phytosanitary certification has to guarantee the quality of the propagation material also in Citrus. Traditional methods can be assisted by the techniques of in vitro culture, which are fundamental for the mass production of high quality plants. The encapsulation technology represents an innovative tool to combine the advantages of micropropagation with handling ease, storability, reduced size of the propagules, mechanization potentiality, transportability of the gamic seeds. In this work somatic embryos obtained from in vitro anther culture of the cultivar Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were encapsulated in a sodium alginate matrix and synthetic se…
Etude d'une microflore levurienne champenoise
1982
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pendant quatre années consécutives, on a suivi en Champagne, l'évolution de la microflore levurienne depuis la baie de raisin jusqu'au vin clair. Les résultats montrent une influence sensible sur la microflore, d'une part de certains traitements phytosanitaires et d'autre part des opérations liées à la vendange et au traitement des moûts. Grâce à un milieu de culture électif spécial, les auteurs ont amélioré la séparation des colonies de <em>S. cerevisiae</em> et de <em>S. bayanus</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">For four consecutive years the evolution of yea…
Indoor and outdoor determination of pesticides in air by ion mobility spectrometry.
2016
Abstract The use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been evaluated as analytical methodology to detect and evaluate the occupational exposure to pesticides. The developed IMS methodology was used, in positive and negative modes, to determine the presence of pesticides in air and to evaluate possible inhalation exposures of workers and users based on active sampling on Teflon membranes and direct thermal desorption IMS. The negative IMS mode was used to determine bensulfuron, clorpyrifos, diniconazole, diuron, flutolanil and imidacloprid, while the positive mode was employed to evaluate formetanate, metalaxyl, metamitrone, metribuzin, paclobutrazol and pirimicarb. The IMS measurements pr…
Overview of pesticide use in Moroccan apple orchards and its effects on the environment
2021
International audience; The cultivation of apple trees needs to use phytosanitary products, which are used in an irrational way by certain farmers. The harmful effects of pesticides result mainly from their persistence in the environment. Several studies have been carried out to estimate the pesticide residues and assess their effects on soil microorganisms and aquatic organisms. The results of these studies have revealed a harmful effect on these bioindicators. Therefore, a disruption in their growth and reproduction, an increase in their mortality, and a decrease in their fertility have been proven. In addition, a considerable reduction in the number and diversity of soil microorganisms a…